Fear is a powerful, unpleasant feeling of risk or danger, either real or imagined.
Psychologists such as John B. Watson and Paul Ekman have argued that fear, along with a few other basic emotions such as joy and anger, is innate in all human beings. Fear is a defensive, survival advantage, and may have evolved in a variety of organisms. It is usually a response to a particular stimulus. For example, a person may see a spider and experience fear. Fear serves as motivation to escape to safety.
An example of this may be something dangerous and spontaneous, during this situation the blood goes to big muscles allowing the person to run faster. Also the body freezes up just an instant allowing the brain to decide if another reaction would be better. In the brain, hormones are released centering the attention on the threat always looking for the most accurate reaction.
In fear, one may go through various emotional stages. A good example of this is the cornered rat, which will try to run away until it is finally cornered by its predator, at which point it will become belligerent and fight back with heavy aggression until it either escapes or is captured.
The same goes for most animals. Humans can become very intimidated by fear; causing them to go along with another's wishes without caring about their own input. They can also become equally violent, and can even become deadly; it is an instinctive reaction caused by rising adrenaline levels rather than a consciously thought-out decision. This is why in many cases the full penalty cannot be made in cases of the court of law.
The facial expression of fear includes the following components:
One's eyes widen (out of anticipation for what will happen next)
The pupils dilate (to take in more light)
The upper lip rises
The brows draw together
Lips stretch horizontally.
Physiologic effects of fear can be better understood from the perspective of the sympathetic nervous responses (fight-or-flight), as compared to parasympathetic response, which is a more relaxed state.
1.The brow or other parts of the body sweat profusely in order to keep the body cool as it flees. (More accurately, perspiration occurs due to blood being shunted from body viscera to the peripheral parts of the body - the fight-or-flight response. Blood that is shunted from one's viscera to limbs, etc., will transfer, along with oxygen and nutrients, heat - thus heat transfer from blood best explains perspiration. While it's true that cooling is an effect of this, it is not the primary reason for shunting blood to the periphery.)
2.The muscles tighten in preparation for combat. (More accurately, not all muscles are created equal, such that smooth muscle would generally not contract under sympathetic control. Smooth muscles - such as those associated with one's gastrointestinal tract - are generally active only when influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. While somatic muscle - or voluntary muscles, biceps etc. - do not generally contract involuntarily, except in nerve circuits in a reflex arc that immediately respond to heat, etc.. However, since blood is shunted to the body periphery, muscles receive blood, primarily for oxygen to drive metabolic responses that would be needed during a fight-or-flight event. Further, "combat" is only one option. The other one is fleeing.)
3.The senses are sharpened in order to take in vaster quantities of information. (More accurately, senses are not sharpened, but merely modified - or redirected - to deal with events that have evolutionarily been the most likely to cause harm. For example, the dilation of the pupils and relaxation of the lens, allowing more light to enter the eye, which is more conducive to far vision. Or fine body hair standing up to alert one to creeping insects, etc.)
4.The hands usually as a reaction open and cover face. (This doesn't seem consistent with wanting to heighten the senses. Further, one would not necessarily cover one's face in a fear response, psychologically of defence putting barrier between the person and cause of fear.)
5.when a fear stimulus occurs unexpectedly, the victim of the fear response could possibly jump or give a small start.
6.The person's heart rate and heartbeat may go up.
Fear is unpleasant feeling a sense of risk or opastnosti regardless of whether they are real or not. Fear also describe as a sense of extreme animosity towards any object or any of (fear of darkness, fear of reductions, etc.). Fear is a basic emotion.
Fear that an individual may vary in degree of fear in another person. Sometimes, it may take the fobiyah. Lack of self can lead to social problems, inappropriate behaviour and stupid and dangerous behaviour.
Some philosophers believe fear of harmful memory of the bad consequences. Others, however, believe the condition is useful because it signifies the dangerous situations.
Fear can be described in various terms, depending on the symptoms. Fright, Terror, Horror, Paranoia, Persecution complex.Two neural path of terror
The fear stems from two neural pathways, which would ideally operate at the same time. One charge of the development of basic emotions reacts quickly and is accompanied by a large number of errors. Second reacts slower, but more accurately.
Quick path
The first way allows us to quickly respond to signs of danger, but often worked as a hoax. The second way allows us to more accurately assess the situation and respond to risk more accurately. In this case, fear, launched the first operation blocked by the second track, which evaluates some signs of danger is real.
The first track emotional momentum reflected in the sensitive kernels look heel linked to amigdallyarnyh kernels Zritelnogo heel causing emotional response.
Long Walk
The second path (high, long, cortex) emotional momentum reflected in the sensitive kernels look back heel in sensory cortex brain divisions and already have sent to the kernel amigdallyarnogo (mindalevidnogo) compound, forming an emotional response.
When fobiyah second way is not adequate, which leads to fear the incentives are not carrying opastnosti.
Fear of responsibility
People avoided commitments, not willing to take decisions that are often criticized for pusillanimity, infantilnosti or egoism. But the need for something really answer may be painful, or even impossible. Why?
Tips
He is not fulfilling promises? It changes the views of both gloves, not realizing it? Denouncing such people in insecure and volatile, you just take on the role of "severe Sverh-Ya". But it is affected by the power they desperately try to slip through irresponsible behaviour.
Now show the person controversy his actions, will inspire them to take greater responsibility for their words. Perhaps the problem is that with him for too long been treated as a child, and that demand is weak; Let him know that you are not his dad with mom and you have to deal with adults, you can rely on. And do not be blamed for his laziness or lack of ambition : first it needs to regain confidence in themselves, to understand their own value.
Responsibility for professional, family or moral sphere, it is a source of stress-emphasizes French clinical psychologist Régine Frankel. – "But new discoveries in psihobiologii, in particular the work of Jerome Kagana (Jerome Kagan), a researcher from Harvard University (USA), shows and more. About 20% of the people have at birth, there neurochemical characteristics that make them giperchuvstvitelnymi and stress, and any innovations. Because of hereditary factors, the portion of the brain that controls fear giperreaktivna and dismay "at the slightest succumbs to panic".In situations where are discussing with others about their actions when there is a chance to be condemned, anxiety arises from them too quickly and powerfully. Hence the natural desire to avoid such situations ".
Failure to take responsibility written in the genes? like any other aspect of our conduct, it is linked to a variety of factors, including well.
Psychology Fear Death
That deep anxiety, written in emotional depths, makes human beings. Man begins to live a real life, only knowingly taking the inevitability of death. Free and dignity rather than resistance, he takes the opportunity to live in the real world. We will look at how people refuse to behave as they try to escape from reality, but also to see how you can adopting this fear, tame it, make their ally. We know that the bridge rather than negating the fear of death to the prospect of meaningful, fulfilling life.
Fear familiar to all. Despite this, the nature of anxiety and fear remains an enigma for psychologists. Some see the anxiety in helplessness, others describe the internal discord that arises in the security threat, the third point disintegration of the individual when faced with a contradiction. Above all scared unknown. Between our state now and what will happen to us in a minute, there is a gap; This period filled with uncertainty. Therefore, some people will have a tendency to "confidence in the future." Sometimes society is starting to long for certainty and then start talking about the need for a "strong hand", which leads to dictatorship under one pretext or another physically. Chance and another kind of fear. This so-called separation anxiety : a child is afraid of breaking away from his mother, a loving afraid of losing the object of his feelings, everyone is afraid to be thrown out of the world, where all the routine and familiar.
The opposite is boyazlivosti determination. If we decide to think boldly and consistently, we conclude that doomed to ignorance of what happens to us. What lies ahead? I realized our desires? There will be changes there? What they will be? And how did obtain our lives? On these issues we do not have answers. What we know about the future? It turns out that with complete certainty, we can know only one thing - we are all going to die someday. Tomorrow or the next few decades, but this is bound to happen. And there is a paradox in our perception of the world. Fear is born of the unknown. We did not know about our fate, but credible fact end of this earthly existence. And this is the absolute inevitability of our greatest anxiety is so strong that we can not make it. We prefer ignorance. How can we feel knowing that sooner or later you will not? How to live, create and act in the world, knowing that all will end for you? Indeed, science, culture, ideology does not give us answers. Man is the death of one-on-one. Nothing can save him, even "thoughtful" considerations, such as "when you are no-death, when the death occurred, you have not." One modern spiritual writer commented : "Death to hurt a human being in the deepest of his heart so humiliating, so terribly radical, that his spontaneous reaction may be that only the flight (in anguish or contempt), which 'drops the chain' of all evil. Death is terrible. She -- worst enemy. Despite all the scientific explanation Death remains incomprehensible. Suddenly appears horrendous experience of his own death with all its inevitable shocks. In the depth of personality called incurable ulcers. The first fear is his own death. Death in the newspapers and on television has become a matter of routine. This was an old saying - 'Death of one tragedy Death hundred thousand - statistics'. Maybe this is because of our ability to empathize are too demanding. "
Some people try to cheat death. One had started haunting fear that she will die in a dream. The last four years of her life she had sat on a chair and so died in their 89 years. Louis XIV, king of France, in recent years banned Then mention the death in his presence. Because he lived too close to the cemetery, he built a new luxurious palace at Versailles. Tourists now groves of his magnificent, but the death of the King still had.
In reviewing the phenomenon of anxiety, an outstanding thinker S. Kerkegor concluded that anxiety begins at the moment a feeling human beings, "the beasts and angels anxiety not." In humans, a similar function is a kind of narrowing the scope of consciousness. Most people aware of just what they face in their "small" life. One teacher said : "Guys, if you think about infinity or eternity-you are guaranteed madness."
Changes lead to development.
Fear is a basic sentiment rights. For development. You can learn how to deal with, and indeed they can be managed. The most important thing is to understand what and why we are afraid.
Change is frightening of all, because the "new" little, and a lot of surprises and dangers. And when you get timid thought of the possibility of change, we are beginning to hinder our mentality :
- we are afraid to act;
- we are confident in their own abilities;
- we worry for the future.
Hazards. What you risk when accessing the labour market to find another job? You can go to the fraudsters. It is wrong and serve three months in the company, which on the relations and corporate standards, you do not come. You can finally find jobs than two weeks, but two or three months. When risk awareness, it is easier to prepare : recognise unscrupulous employers who choose alternate options for employment, save held in reserve or enlist the support of friends and loved ones.
And most importantly, take it a practice the principle : "Better to do and regret than not do and regret."
Psychologists recommend that every 5-7 years to change their place of employment. Abroad and the same is considered a natural, along with the change and place of residence. House selected on the basis of proximity to the new company.
The fear is the fear of defeat that will break down what we sproetsirovali.
It is a fear of our projections, our desire to ahead and prejudiced castles in the air. And now, when this is done, and we are afraid that this is a movement, in a word, one Air blazing everything will be destroyed.
As a famous architect, we created an air castle of our perceptions and ideas, and spent it all down to the finest details, to handle and lock cylinder, and has almost brought the facility. And now, when you go and meet with any event, any man who somehow a fact of life, we know that now, in one second, all of this information can be razmeteno apart. The man gets so, so afraid, so he avoids the stores themselves and their self until the last, so that no one can beat him defeated, not destroyed.
Psychologists such as John B. Watson and Paul Ekman have argued that fear, along with a few other basic emotions such as joy and anger, is innate in all human beings. Fear is a defensive, survival advantage, and may have evolved in a variety of organisms. It is usually a response to a particular stimulus. For example, a person may see a spider and experience fear. Fear serves as motivation to escape to safety.
An example of this may be something dangerous and spontaneous, during this situation the blood goes to big muscles allowing the person to run faster. Also the body freezes up just an instant allowing the brain to decide if another reaction would be better. In the brain, hormones are released centering the attention on the threat always looking for the most accurate reaction.
In fear, one may go through various emotional stages. A good example of this is the cornered rat, which will try to run away until it is finally cornered by its predator, at which point it will become belligerent and fight back with heavy aggression until it either escapes or is captured.
The same goes for most animals. Humans can become very intimidated by fear; causing them to go along with another's wishes without caring about their own input. They can also become equally violent, and can even become deadly; it is an instinctive reaction caused by rising adrenaline levels rather than a consciously thought-out decision. This is why in many cases the full penalty cannot be made in cases of the court of law.
The facial expression of fear includes the following components:
One's eyes widen (out of anticipation for what will happen next)
The pupils dilate (to take in more light)
The upper lip rises
The brows draw together
Lips stretch horizontally.
Physiologic effects of fear can be better understood from the perspective of the sympathetic nervous responses (fight-or-flight), as compared to parasympathetic response, which is a more relaxed state.
1.The brow or other parts of the body sweat profusely in order to keep the body cool as it flees. (More accurately, perspiration occurs due to blood being shunted from body viscera to the peripheral parts of the body - the fight-or-flight response. Blood that is shunted from one's viscera to limbs, etc., will transfer, along with oxygen and nutrients, heat - thus heat transfer from blood best explains perspiration. While it's true that cooling is an effect of this, it is not the primary reason for shunting blood to the periphery.)
2.The muscles tighten in preparation for combat. (More accurately, not all muscles are created equal, such that smooth muscle would generally not contract under sympathetic control. Smooth muscles - such as those associated with one's gastrointestinal tract - are generally active only when influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. While somatic muscle - or voluntary muscles, biceps etc. - do not generally contract involuntarily, except in nerve circuits in a reflex arc that immediately respond to heat, etc.. However, since blood is shunted to the body periphery, muscles receive blood, primarily for oxygen to drive metabolic responses that would be needed during a fight-or-flight event. Further, "combat" is only one option. The other one is fleeing.)
3.The senses are sharpened in order to take in vaster quantities of information. (More accurately, senses are not sharpened, but merely modified - or redirected - to deal with events that have evolutionarily been the most likely to cause harm. For example, the dilation of the pupils and relaxation of the lens, allowing more light to enter the eye, which is more conducive to far vision. Or fine body hair standing up to alert one to creeping insects, etc.)
4.The hands usually as a reaction open and cover face. (This doesn't seem consistent with wanting to heighten the senses. Further, one would not necessarily cover one's face in a fear response, psychologically of defence putting barrier between the person and cause of fear.)
5.when a fear stimulus occurs unexpectedly, the victim of the fear response could possibly jump or give a small start.
6.The person's heart rate and heartbeat may go up.
Fear is unpleasant feeling a sense of risk or opastnosti regardless of whether they are real or not. Fear also describe as a sense of extreme animosity towards any object or any of (fear of darkness, fear of reductions, etc.). Fear is a basic emotion.
Fear that an individual may vary in degree of fear in another person. Sometimes, it may take the fobiyah. Lack of self can lead to social problems, inappropriate behaviour and stupid and dangerous behaviour.
Some philosophers believe fear of harmful memory of the bad consequences. Others, however, believe the condition is useful because it signifies the dangerous situations.
Fear can be described in various terms, depending on the symptoms. Fright, Terror, Horror, Paranoia, Persecution complex.Two neural path of terror
The fear stems from two neural pathways, which would ideally operate at the same time. One charge of the development of basic emotions reacts quickly and is accompanied by a large number of errors. Second reacts slower, but more accurately.
Quick path
The first way allows us to quickly respond to signs of danger, but often worked as a hoax. The second way allows us to more accurately assess the situation and respond to risk more accurately. In this case, fear, launched the first operation blocked by the second track, which evaluates some signs of danger is real.
The first track emotional momentum reflected in the sensitive kernels look heel linked to amigdallyarnyh kernels Zritelnogo heel causing emotional response.
Long Walk
The second path (high, long, cortex) emotional momentum reflected in the sensitive kernels look back heel in sensory cortex brain divisions and already have sent to the kernel amigdallyarnogo (mindalevidnogo) compound, forming an emotional response.
When fobiyah second way is not adequate, which leads to fear the incentives are not carrying opastnosti.
Fear of responsibility
People avoided commitments, not willing to take decisions that are often criticized for pusillanimity, infantilnosti or egoism. But the need for something really answer may be painful, or even impossible. Why?
Tips
He is not fulfilling promises? It changes the views of both gloves, not realizing it? Denouncing such people in insecure and volatile, you just take on the role of "severe Sverh-Ya". But it is affected by the power they desperately try to slip through irresponsible behaviour.
Now show the person controversy his actions, will inspire them to take greater responsibility for their words. Perhaps the problem is that with him for too long been treated as a child, and that demand is weak; Let him know that you are not his dad with mom and you have to deal with adults, you can rely on. And do not be blamed for his laziness or lack of ambition : first it needs to regain confidence in themselves, to understand their own value.
Responsibility for professional, family or moral sphere, it is a source of stress-emphasizes French clinical psychologist Régine Frankel. – "But new discoveries in psihobiologii, in particular the work of Jerome Kagana (Jerome Kagan), a researcher from Harvard University (USA), shows and more. About 20% of the people have at birth, there neurochemical characteristics that make them giperchuvstvitelnymi and stress, and any innovations. Because of hereditary factors, the portion of the brain that controls fear giperreaktivna and dismay "at the slightest succumbs to panic".In situations where are discussing with others about their actions when there is a chance to be condemned, anxiety arises from them too quickly and powerfully. Hence the natural desire to avoid such situations ".
Failure to take responsibility written in the genes? like any other aspect of our conduct, it is linked to a variety of factors, including well.
Psychology Fear Death
That deep anxiety, written in emotional depths, makes human beings. Man begins to live a real life, only knowingly taking the inevitability of death. Free and dignity rather than resistance, he takes the opportunity to live in the real world. We will look at how people refuse to behave as they try to escape from reality, but also to see how you can adopting this fear, tame it, make their ally. We know that the bridge rather than negating the fear of death to the prospect of meaningful, fulfilling life.
Fear familiar to all. Despite this, the nature of anxiety and fear remains an enigma for psychologists. Some see the anxiety in helplessness, others describe the internal discord that arises in the security threat, the third point disintegration of the individual when faced with a contradiction. Above all scared unknown. Between our state now and what will happen to us in a minute, there is a gap; This period filled with uncertainty. Therefore, some people will have a tendency to "confidence in the future." Sometimes society is starting to long for certainty and then start talking about the need for a "strong hand", which leads to dictatorship under one pretext or another physically. Chance and another kind of fear. This so-called separation anxiety : a child is afraid of breaking away from his mother, a loving afraid of losing the object of his feelings, everyone is afraid to be thrown out of the world, where all the routine and familiar.
The opposite is boyazlivosti determination. If we decide to think boldly and consistently, we conclude that doomed to ignorance of what happens to us. What lies ahead? I realized our desires? There will be changes there? What they will be? And how did obtain our lives? On these issues we do not have answers. What we know about the future? It turns out that with complete certainty, we can know only one thing - we are all going to die someday. Tomorrow or the next few decades, but this is bound to happen. And there is a paradox in our perception of the world. Fear is born of the unknown. We did not know about our fate, but credible fact end of this earthly existence. And this is the absolute inevitability of our greatest anxiety is so strong that we can not make it. We prefer ignorance. How can we feel knowing that sooner or later you will not? How to live, create and act in the world, knowing that all will end for you? Indeed, science, culture, ideology does not give us answers. Man is the death of one-on-one. Nothing can save him, even "thoughtful" considerations, such as "when you are no-death, when the death occurred, you have not." One modern spiritual writer commented : "Death to hurt a human being in the deepest of his heart so humiliating, so terribly radical, that his spontaneous reaction may be that only the flight (in anguish or contempt), which 'drops the chain' of all evil. Death is terrible. She -- worst enemy. Despite all the scientific explanation Death remains incomprehensible. Suddenly appears horrendous experience of his own death with all its inevitable shocks. In the depth of personality called incurable ulcers. The first fear is his own death. Death in the newspapers and on television has become a matter of routine. This was an old saying - 'Death of one tragedy Death hundred thousand - statistics'. Maybe this is because of our ability to empathize are too demanding. "
Some people try to cheat death. One had started haunting fear that she will die in a dream. The last four years of her life she had sat on a chair and so died in their 89 years. Louis XIV, king of France, in recent years banned Then mention the death in his presence. Because he lived too close to the cemetery, he built a new luxurious palace at Versailles. Tourists now groves of his magnificent, but the death of the King still had.
In reviewing the phenomenon of anxiety, an outstanding thinker S. Kerkegor concluded that anxiety begins at the moment a feeling human beings, "the beasts and angels anxiety not." In humans, a similar function is a kind of narrowing the scope of consciousness. Most people aware of just what they face in their "small" life. One teacher said : "Guys, if you think about infinity or eternity-you are guaranteed madness."
Changes lead to development.
Fear is a basic sentiment rights. For development. You can learn how to deal with, and indeed they can be managed. The most important thing is to understand what and why we are afraid.
Change is frightening of all, because the "new" little, and a lot of surprises and dangers. And when you get timid thought of the possibility of change, we are beginning to hinder our mentality :
- we are afraid to act;
- we are confident in their own abilities;
- we worry for the future.
Hazards. What you risk when accessing the labour market to find another job? You can go to the fraudsters. It is wrong and serve three months in the company, which on the relations and corporate standards, you do not come. You can finally find jobs than two weeks, but two or three months. When risk awareness, it is easier to prepare : recognise unscrupulous employers who choose alternate options for employment, save held in reserve or enlist the support of friends and loved ones.
And most importantly, take it a practice the principle : "Better to do and regret than not do and regret."
Psychologists recommend that every 5-7 years to change their place of employment. Abroad and the same is considered a natural, along with the change and place of residence. House selected on the basis of proximity to the new company.
The fear is the fear of defeat that will break down what we sproetsirovali.
It is a fear of our projections, our desire to ahead and prejudiced castles in the air. And now, when this is done, and we are afraid that this is a movement, in a word, one Air blazing everything will be destroyed.
As a famous architect, we created an air castle of our perceptions and ideas, and spent it all down to the finest details, to handle and lock cylinder, and has almost brought the facility. And now, when you go and meet with any event, any man who somehow a fact of life, we know that now, in one second, all of this information can be razmeteno apart. The man gets so, so afraid, so he avoids the stores themselves and their self until the last, so that no one can beat him defeated, not destroyed.
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Psychologist