What is the cause of sexual problems?

In most cases there is not just one cause for a sexual problem; there are often several causes. It is important to look at the problem from three different points of view, namely physical causes, psychological causes and social causes.
Physical causes are anomalies of the body that cause sexual problems. Examples of this are disorders in hormonal regulation as a result of certain medicines that cause a reduced interest in making love, irritations of the vagina that cause pain when making love or certain operations on the genitals.
Psychological factors are feelings, thoughts and perceptions that cause sexual problems. This may be negative feelings for the partner or shame for one's own body, unpleasant events of the past, and also fears and restraints related to sex.
Social factors may be values and standards that you have received in your education, traumatic events or the behavior of the partner. Certain stress factors e.g.: unemployment, a bad financial situation, little knowledge of the body and family quarrels can influence the sexual perception.

What sexual disorders exist?
Sexual problems can be divided into the following groups:
Reduced sexual desire: lacking sufficient interest in making love or having an aversion to certain or all forms of sexual contact.
Sexual arousal disorder (problems whit getting sexually aroused): the erection disorder of the man (problems in getting or keeping the penis completely stiff while making love) or problems of the woman in getting aroused (insufficient lubrication of the vagina).
Orgasm disorders: coming too early or not at all.
Sexual pain disorder: having pain while making love (dyspareunia and vaginismus).
Sexual disorders from other causes.
Some sexual problems are not called sexual disorders, but this doesn't mean that they are not important or untreatable.

Do You Have A Sexual Disorder?
A sexual disorder exists if certain conditions have been fulfilled. If you recognize your symptoms in a certain disorder, your general practitioner can refer you to a sexologist. He will then investigate the causes of the symptoms. In any case, the symptoms have to be nearly always present during sexual contact and must result in serious distress. It is possible that somebody never has an orgasm, but doesn't experience it as a problem. In this case we are not dealing with a disorder. Try to record for a couple of weeks what the symptoms are, how often they occur and if you can think of a possible cause. You can take this overview to your general practitioner, so that you can explain clearly what your symptoms are. Recording also gives you more clarity.

Can sexual problems be treated effectively?
Every problem has its own methods of treatment, so it is hard to say if sexual problems can be treated effectively. The efforts of the person and the possibilities of the therapist are important factors in this. In the case of sexual problems, it is important to find somebody who knows a lot about these problems, e.g., a sexologist. A sexologist is a psychologist who is specialized in the treatment of sexual problems. Through the general practitioner you can ask for a referral to a sexologist. For physical causes of sexual problems it is always important to involve a gynaecologist or a urologist in the treatment. The gynaecologist and/or the urologist search for the physical causes.

What therapies exist for sexual problems?
Every problem has various solutions; treatments also differ per person. The sexologist, the urologist and the gynaecologist determine the treatment based on the problems. Physical causes are treated with medicines or other means, and sometimes with psychological treatments. Psychological causes are managed by means of psychological treatments (see also the question about therapy) and in cases of problems in relational terms, relation therapy is often suggested. The partner is usually involved in the treatment of sexual problems.

What is sex therapy? How to you treat sex problems?
In short the inventors of sex therapy assume that people with sexual disorders or problems don't easily submit to sexual feelings and thoughts and don't take much pleasure in it. They are more occupied by their own sexual behavior and give less attention to their sexual feelings. This is called spectator behavior or 'spectatoring' (like looking at yourself from a distance). People get into the 'spectator role' when they worry about all kinds of things related to making love: 'If only she enjoys it', 'last time she didn't come either' etc. These thoughts are not very arousing. Sex therapy tries to control these thoughts. In the case of vaginismus, pain while making love and erection disorders, the coitus stop is normally used. This means that intercourse is not allowed and that the genitals can't be touched. Only other parts of the body may be caressed. In the case of people with a paraphilia, techniques are used to get more control over feelings and behavior.
The final goal of the therapy is to teach the person to enjoy making love without negative thoughts.
Sex therapy, however, doesn't always work. Specific causes need a specific therapy, relational conflicts that cause the reduced interest are treated with relation therapy. The goal of sex therapy is to reduce the pressure on making love, making love in a less competitive way and getting to know one's own body and the body of the other person.

What is reduced interest in making love? What causes people to feel like making love and not feel like making love?
Feeling like making love, also called sexual desire, is an emotional and physical reaction to an erotic stimulation. This means that if you get sexually stimulated, usually a physical reaction, men get an erection for example and an emotional reaction, feel like making love, take place.
It is difficult to determine when someone has insufficient interest in making love. With people who don't have much interest in making love this feeling is always present and this influences the relationship with the partner or the person suffers from it in some other way. If you have no interest in making love, you don't have sexual thoughts and fantasies or lust for sex. It is important to look at the relationship between the partners. If one partner is usually more interested in making love than the other partner, then the one with less interest is often considered abnormal. However this person may not be less interested than 'average', but is only less interested than the partner.

Is there a psychological cause in women who don't want to make love? How can You increase female sex drive?
When talking about psychological causes of not being interested in making love, we refer to certain thoughts, feelings or emotions that reduce the interest in sex. Because of fear and anger, sexual desire may disappear in certain situations. This may have several causes like fear of performance, fear of intimacy, fear of excitement, dissatisfaction with one's own body or suppression of events from childhood. Traumatic experiences may have a lot of influence on sexual desire. Sad experiences that haven't been dealt with, like the loss of a partner, nagging and conflicts in relationships may also influence sexual desire negatively. Relational problems are often a cause. For all sorts of reasons, partners may become physically personally less attractive to each other. Differences in sexual needs and the refusal of partners to respond to advances may lead to doubts about the self-image of the man, the woman or the self-image as the beloved partner.
Certain irrational thoughts e.g. that refusing to have sex is the same as admitting an affair, may lead to a great disappointment or anger. A reduced interest in sex is also a frequent symptom of various psychiatric syndromes. The most frequent syndrome is depression. It also turns out that men and women experience sexual desire in a different way. Women see love, emotional intimacy and involvement as a goal, while men see sexual activity as such as the goal. Other factors may also negatively influence desire e.g psychological problems of the partner, stress and/ or relational problems. In the first meetings a sexologist will ask about these possible causes, so that the condition may be identified.

What are the psychological causes in men who don't want to make love?
When talking about the psychological causes of not wanting sex, we refer to those thoughts, feelings or emotions that reduce the interest in sex. Because of fear and anger, sexual desire can disappear in certain situations. This may have several causes e.g fear of performance, fear of intimacy, fear of excitement, dissatisfaction with one's own body or suppression of events from childhood. Traumatic experiences can have a lot of influence on sexual desire. Sad experiences that haven't been dealt with, like the loss of a partner, nagging and conflicts in relationships can influence sexual desire negatively. Relational problems are often a cause. For all sorts of reasons, partners may become physically and personally less attractive to each other. Differences in sexual needs and the refusal of partners to respond to advances can lead to doubts about the self-image of the man, the woman or the self-image as the beloved partner.
Certain irrational thoughts, like refusing to have sex is the same as admitting an affair, can lead to a great disappointment or anger. A reduced interest in sex is also a frequent symptom of various psychiatric syndromes. The most frequent syndrome is depression.
Men and women experience sexual desire in a different way. Women see love, emotional intimacy and involvement as a goal, while men see sexual activity as the goal. Other factors can also negatively influence desire e.g psychological problems of the partner, stress and/ or relational problems. In the first meetings a sexologist will ask about these possible causes, so that your condition may be identified.

Teenage Sex and Risky Behavior Linked
From Back to The Science of Mental Health
Teenage girls who have sex with more than one partner in a short period of time are more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, such as fighting, binge drinking, smoking cigarettes, using cocaine or sniffing glue, according to a new study by two University of Maryland researchers.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Health Behavior, Donna Howard and Min Qi Wang looked at survey responses of more than 3000 ninth grade girls who said they had had sex at least once in a three-month period.
"We found that if they had sex one time and then engaged in other short-term relationships, they were at higher risk for other risky behavior," said Howard, an assistant professor of public and community health.
"This finding with the ninth-grade age group appears to be new," said Howard, "and it is consequential.
It is a transition time into high school, and if there is pressure on these girls to engage in intimate behavior, we need to look at intervention strategies."
The survey responses were gathered from the 1999 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. - The University of Maryland Articles in The Science of Mental Health are written by the originating institution. This article was originally posted to Newswise.

Excessive desire, sex addiction
Sex Aversion
Orgasm Problems
Pain while having sex
Sexual Abuse
Lubrication Problems
Erection Problems
Premature Ejaculation
Sexual arousal disorders
Homosexuality
Gender Identity Disorder
Paraphilias